Add dynamic meteor shower calculations using PyEphem
- Replace hardcoded 2025 data with astronomically calculated dates - Use solar longitude to determine precise meteor shower peak dates - Calculate real-time moon phases for accurate viewing conditions - Support for any year with automatic date calculations - Include parent body information and meteor velocities - Remove caching layer for real-time calculations 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
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agenda/meteors.py
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agenda/meteors.py
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"""Meteor shower data calculations."""
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import typing
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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import ephem # type: ignore
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MeteorShower = dict[str, typing.Any]
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# Meteor shower definitions with parent comet orbital elements
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METEOR_SHOWERS = {
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"Quadrantids": {
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"name": "Quadrantids",
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"radiant_ra": "15h20m", # Right ascension at peak
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"radiant_dec": "+49.5°", # Declination at peak
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"peak_solar_longitude": 283.16, # Solar longitude at peak
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"activity_start": 283.16 - 10, # Activity period
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"activity_end": 283.16 + 10,
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"rate_max": 120,
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"rate_min": 50,
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"parent_body": "2003 EH1",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "The year kicks off with the Quadrantids, known for their brief but intense peak lasting only about 4 hours.",
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"velocity_kms": 41,
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},
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"Lyrids": {
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"name": "Lyrids",
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"radiant_ra": "18h04m",
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"radiant_dec": "+32.32°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 32.32,
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"activity_start": 32.32 - 10,
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"activity_end": 32.32 + 10,
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"rate_max": 18,
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"rate_min": 10,
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"parent_body": "C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "The Lyrids are one of the oldest recorded meteor showers, with observations dating back 2,700 years.",
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"velocity_kms": 49,
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},
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"Eta Aquariids": {
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"name": "Eta Aquariids",
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"radiant_ra": "22h32m",
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"radiant_dec": "-1.0°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 45.5,
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"activity_start": 45.5 - 15,
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"activity_end": 45.5 + 15,
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"rate_max": 60,
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"rate_min": 30,
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"parent_body": "1P/Halley",
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"visibility": "Southern Hemisphere (best)",
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"description": "Created by debris from Halley's Comet, these meteors are fast and often leave glowing trails.",
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"velocity_kms": 66,
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},
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"Perseids": {
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"name": "Perseids",
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"radiant_ra": "03h04m",
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"radiant_dec": "+58.0°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 140.0,
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"activity_start": 140.0 - 15,
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"activity_end": 140.0 + 15,
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"rate_max": 100,
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"rate_min": 50,
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"parent_body": "109P/Swift-Tuttle",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "One of the most popular meteor showers, viewing conditions vary by year based on moon phase.",
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"velocity_kms": 59,
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},
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"Orionids": {
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"name": "Orionids",
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"radiant_ra": "06h20m",
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"radiant_dec": "+16.0°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 208.0,
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"activity_start": 208.0 - 15,
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"activity_end": 208.0 + 15,
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"rate_max": 25,
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"rate_min": 15,
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"parent_body": "1P/Halley",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "Another shower created by Halley's Comet debris, known for their speed and brightness.",
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"velocity_kms": 66,
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},
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"Geminids": {
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"name": "Geminids",
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"radiant_ra": "07h28m",
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"radiant_dec": "+32.0°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 262.2,
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"activity_start": 262.2 - 10,
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"activity_end": 262.2 + 10,
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"rate_max": 120,
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"rate_min": 60,
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"parent_body": "3200 Phaethon",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "The best shower of most years with the highest rates. Unusual for being caused by an asteroid rather than a comet.",
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"velocity_kms": 35,
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},
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"Ursids": {
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"name": "Ursids",
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"radiant_ra": "14h28m",
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"radiant_dec": "+75.0°",
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"peak_solar_longitude": 270.7,
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"activity_start": 270.7 - 5,
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"activity_end": 270.7 + 5,
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"rate_max": 10,
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"rate_min": 5,
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"parent_body": "8P/Tuttle",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "A minor shower that closes out the year, best viewed from dark locations away from city lights.",
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"velocity_kms": 33,
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},
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}
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def calculate_solar_longitude_date(year: int, target_longitude: float) -> datetime:
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"""Calculate the date when the Sun reaches a specific longitude for a given year."""
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# Start from beginning of year
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start_date = datetime(year, 1, 1)
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# Use PyEphem to calculate solar longitude
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observer = ephem.Observer()
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observer.lat = "0" # Equator
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observer.lon = "0" # Greenwich
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observer.date = start_date
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sun = ephem.Sun(observer)
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# Search for the date when solar longitude matches target
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# Solar longitude 0° = Spring Equinox (around March 20)
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# We need to find when sun reaches the target longitude
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# Approximate: start search from reasonable date based on longitude
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if target_longitude < 90: # Spring (Mar-Jun)
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search_start = datetime(year, 3, 1)
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elif target_longitude < 180: # Summer (Jun-Sep)
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search_start = datetime(year, 6, 1)
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elif target_longitude < 270: # Fall (Sep-Dec)
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search_start = datetime(year, 9, 1)
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else: # Winter (Dec-Mar)
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search_start = datetime(year, 12, 1)
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observer.date = search_start
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# Search within a reasonable range (±60 days)
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for day_offset in range(-60, 61):
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test_date = search_start + timedelta(days=day_offset)
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observer.date = test_date
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sun.compute(observer)
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# Convert ecliptic longitude to degrees
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sun_longitude = float(sun.hlon) * 180 / ephem.pi
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# Check if we're close to target longitude (within 0.5 degrees)
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if abs(sun_longitude - target_longitude) < 0.5:
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return test_date
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# Fallback: return approximation based on solar longitude
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# Rough approximation: solar longitude increases ~1° per day
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days_from_equinox = target_longitude
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equinox_date = datetime(year, 3, 20) # Approximate spring equinox
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return equinox_date + timedelta(days=days_from_equinox)
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def calculate_moon_phase(date_obj: datetime) -> tuple[float, str]:
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"""Calculate moon phase for a given date."""
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observer = ephem.Observer()
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observer.date = date_obj
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moon = ephem.Moon(observer)
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moon.compute(observer)
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# Moon phase (0 = new moon, 0.5 = full moon, 1 = new moon again)
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phase = moon.phase / 100.0
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# Determine moon phase name and viewing quality
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if phase < 0.1:
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phase_name = "New Moon"
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viewing_quality = "excellent"
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elif phase < 0.3:
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phase_name = "Waxing Crescent"
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viewing_quality = "good"
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elif phase < 0.7:
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phase_name = "First Quarter" if phase < 0.5 else "Waxing Gibbous"
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viewing_quality = "moderate"
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elif phase < 0.9:
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phase_name = "Full Moon"
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viewing_quality = "poor"
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else:
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phase_name = "Waning Crescent"
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viewing_quality = "good"
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return phase, f"{phase_name} ({viewing_quality} viewing)"
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def calculate_meteor_shower_data(year: int) -> list[MeteorShower]:
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"""Calculate meteor shower data for a given year using astronomical calculations."""
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meteor_data = []
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for shower_id, shower_info in METEOR_SHOWERS.items():
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# Calculate peak date based on solar longitude
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peak_date = calculate_solar_longitude_date(
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year, shower_info["peak_solar_longitude"]
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)
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# Calculate activity period
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activity_start = calculate_solar_longitude_date(
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year, shower_info["activity_start"]
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)
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activity_end = calculate_solar_longitude_date(year, shower_info["activity_end"])
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# Calculate moon phase at peak
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moon_illumination, moon_phase_desc = calculate_moon_phase(peak_date)
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# Format dates
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peak_formatted = peak_date.strftime("%B %d")
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if peak_date.day != (peak_date + timedelta(days=1)).day:
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peak_formatted += f"-{(peak_date + timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%d')}"
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active_formatted = (
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f"{activity_start.strftime('%B %d')} - {activity_end.strftime('%B %d')}"
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)
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# Determine viewing quality based on moon phase
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viewing_quality = (
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"excellent"
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if moon_illumination < 0.3
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else (
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"good"
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if moon_illumination < 0.7
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else "moderate" if moon_illumination < 0.9 else "poor"
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)
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)
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meteor_shower = {
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"name": shower_info["name"],
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"peak": peak_formatted,
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"active": active_formatted,
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"rate": f"{shower_info['rate_min']}-{shower_info['rate_max']} meteors per hour",
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"radiant": shower_info["radiant_ra"].split("h")[0]
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+ "h "
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+ shower_info["radiant_dec"],
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"moon_phase": moon_phase_desc,
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"visibility": shower_info["visibility"],
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"description": shower_info["description"],
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"peak_date": peak_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
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"start_date": activity_start.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
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"end_date": activity_end.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
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"rate_min": shower_info["rate_min"],
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"rate_max": shower_info["rate_max"],
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"moon_illumination": moon_illumination,
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"viewing_quality": viewing_quality,
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"parent_body": shower_info["parent_body"],
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"velocity_kms": shower_info["velocity_kms"],
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}
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meteor_data.append(meteor_shower)
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# Sort by peak date
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meteor_data.sort(key=lambda x: datetime.strptime(x["peak_date"], "%Y-%m-%d"))
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return meteor_data
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def get_meteor_data(year: int | None = None) -> list[MeteorShower]:
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"""Get meteor shower data for a specific year using astronomical calculations."""
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if year is None:
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year = datetime.now().year
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return calculate_meteor_shower_data(year)
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74
web_view.py
74
web_view.py
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@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import agenda.data
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import agenda.error_mail
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import agenda.fx
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import agenda.holidays
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import agenda.meteors
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import agenda.stats
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import agenda.thespacedevs
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import agenda.trip
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@ -216,78 +217,7 @@ def launch_list() -> str:
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@app.route("/meteors")
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def meteor_list() -> str:
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"""Web page showing meteor shower information."""
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meteors = [
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{
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"name": "Quadrantids",
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"peak": "January 3-4",
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"active": "December 28 - January 12",
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"rate": "50-100 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Boötes",
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"moon_phase": "New Moon (excellent viewing)",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "The year kicks off with the Quadrantids, known for their brief but intense peak lasting only about 4 hours.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Lyrids",
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"peak": "April 21-22",
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"active": "April 14 - April 30",
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"rate": "10-15 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Lyra",
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"moon_phase": "Waning Crescent (good viewing)",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "The Lyrids are one of the oldest recorded meteor showers, with observations dating back 2,700 years.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Eta Aquariids",
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"peak": "May 5-6",
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"active": "April 15 - May 27",
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"rate": "30-60 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Aquarius",
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"moon_phase": "First Quarter (moderate viewing)",
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"visibility": "Southern Hemisphere (best)",
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"description": "Created by debris from Halley's Comet, these meteors are fast and often leave glowing trails.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Perseids",
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"peak": "August 12-13",
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"active": "July 17 - August 24",
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"rate": "50-100 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Perseus",
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"moon_phase": "Full Moon (poor viewing)",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "One of the most popular meteor showers, though 2025 viewing will be hampered by bright moonlight.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Orionids",
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"peak": "October 21-22",
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"active": "October 2 - November 7",
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"rate": "15-25 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Orion",
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"moon_phase": "Waning Crescent (good viewing)",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "Another shower created by Halley's Comet debris, known for their speed and brightness.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Geminids",
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"peak": "December 13-14",
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"active": "December 4 - December 20",
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"rate": "60-120 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Gemini",
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"moon_phase": "Waxing Gibbous (moderate viewing)",
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"visibility": "Both hemispheres",
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"description": "The best shower of 2025 with the highest rates. Unusual for being caused by an asteroid (3200 Phaethon) rather than a comet.",
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},
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{
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"name": "Ursids",
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"peak": "December 22-23",
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"active": "December 17 - December 26",
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"rate": "5-10 meteors per hour",
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"radiant": "Ursa Minor",
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"moon_phase": "New Moon (excellent viewing)",
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"visibility": "Northern Hemisphere",
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"description": "A minor shower that closes out the year, best viewed from dark locations away from city lights.",
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},
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]
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meteors = agenda.meteors.get_meteor_data()
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return flask.render_template(
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"meteors.html",
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